This textbook for undergraduate students aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between diet, nutrients, health, diseases, and drug treatment. The book presents a comprehensive but detailed view of nutritional biochemistry, balancing historical with contemporary findings, the descriptive with the experimental, structure with function, and any particular nutrient’s mechanical and clinical aspects. Though the book’s major emphasis is on Nutritional Biochemistry, the book also attempts to provide insight into other related and relevant areas. Amongst the topics covered are nutraceuticals, food and nutrient interactions, the newly emerging field of the human microbiome, and its interdependence on diet and human health. As well as the public health concerns, a looming burden of non-communicable diseases. Each chapter begins with an insight into the history of discovery and structure of the nutrient, its absorption and metabolism, and physiological functions, ending with diseases associated with nutrient deficiency/toxicity along with a clinical perspective. The book also emphasizes the biochemical basis of physiological responses and correlates the same with symptoms identifying the pathophysiology. This textbook caters to students of undergraduate courses like Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, Home Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, and Nursing